✷ I-Laser
Igama layo eliphelele lithi Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.Lokhu ngokwezwi nezwi kusho "ukukhuliswa kwemisebe enesasasa lokukhanya".Kungumthombo wokukhanya wokwenziwa onezici ezihlukile kusuka ekukhanyeni kwemvelo, okungasakazeka ibanga elide emgqeni oqondile futhi ungaqoqwa endaweni encane.
✷ Umehluko Phakathi Kwe-Laser Nokukhanya Kwemvelo
1. I-Monochromaticity
Ukukhanya kwemvelo kuhlanganisa ububanzi obubanzi bamaza ukusuka ku-ultraviolet kuya ku-infrared.Amaza ayo ahlukene.
Ukukhanya kwemvelo
Ukukhanya kwe-laser ubude beza obubodwa bokukhanya, indawo ebizwa ngokuthi i-monochromaticity.Inzuzo ye-monochromaticity ukuthi ikhulisa ukuguquguquka komklamo we-optical.
I-Laser
Inkomba ye-refractive yokukhanya iyahlukahluka kuye ngobude begagasi.
Uma ukukhanya kwemvelo kudlula ilensi, ukusakazeka kwenzeka ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaza amaza aqukethwe ngaphakathi.Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-chromatic aberration.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhanya kwe-laser kuwubude obubodwa bokukhanya obuhlehla ohlangothini olufanayo kuphela.
Isibonelo, nakuba i-lens yekhamera idinga ukuba nomklamo olungisa ukuhlanekezela ngenxa yombala, ama-laser adinga kuphela ukucabangela lolo bude beza, ukuze i-beam idluliselwe ebangeni elide, okuvumela idizayini enembayo egxilisa ukukhanya. endaweni encane.
2. Ukuqondisa
Isiqondiso yizinga lapho umsindo noma ukukhanya kungenakwenzeka khona ukusakazeka njengoba kuhamba emkhathini;ukuqondiswa okuphezulu kubonisa ukusabalala okuncane.
Ukukhanya kwemvelo: Iqukethe ukukhanya okuhlakazeke ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, futhi ukuthuthukisa isiqondiso, isistimu ye-optical eyinkimbinkimbi iyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe ukukhanya ngaphandle kwendlela eya phambili.
I-Laser:Kungukukhanya okuqondisa kakhulu, futhi kulula ukuklama optics ukuvumela i-laser ukuthi ihambe ngendlela eqondile ngaphandle kokusabalalisa, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwebanga elide nokunye.
3. Ukuhambisana
Ukuhambisana kubonisa izinga ukukhanya okuvame ukuphazamisana ngalo.Uma ukukhanya kubhekwa njengamagagasi, lapho amabhande esondelana kakhulu ayanda ukuhambisana.Isibonelo, amagagasi ahlukene endaweni yamanzi angase athuthukise noma akhansele lapho eshayisana, futhi ngendlela efanayo nalesi simo, lapho amagagasi engavamile kakhulu kuba buthakathaka izinga lokuphazamiseka.
Ukukhanya kwemvelo
Isigaba se-laser, ubude begagasi, kanye nesiqondiso kuyefana, futhi igagasi elinamandla lingagcinwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvumela ukudluliswa kwebanga elide.
Iziqongo ze-Laser nezigodi ziyahambisana
Ukukhanya okuhambisana kakhulu, okungadluliswa ebangeni elide ngaphandle kokusabalalisa, kunenzuzo yokuthi kungaqoqwa ezindaweni ezincane nge-lens, futhi kungasetshenziswa njengokukhanya okuminyanisa okuphezulu ngokudlulisa ukukhanya okukhiqizwa kwenye indawo.
4. Ukuminyana kwamandla
Amalaza anombala omuhle kakhulu we-monochromaticity, ukuqondisa, nokuhambisana, futhi angahlanganiswa abe amachashaza amancane kakhulu ukuze akhe ukukhanya okukhulu kwamandla.Amalaza angehliswa aze afike eduze komkhawulo wokukhanya okungokwemvelo okungenakufinyelelwa ukukhanya kwemvelo.(Umkhawulo wokudlula: Ubhekisela ekungakwazini ngokomzimba ukugxila ekukhanyeni kokuthile okuncane kunobude begagasi bokukhanya.)
Ngokunciphisa i-laser ibe usayizi omncane, ukuqina kokukhanya (ukuminyana kwamandla) kunganyuswa kuze kufike lapho kungasetshenziswa khona ukusika insimbi.
I-Laser
✷ Isimiso se-Laser Oscillation
1. Isimiso sokukhiqizwa kwe-laser
Ukuze kukhiqizwe ukukhanya kwe-laser, ama-athomu noma ama-molecule abizwa nge-laser media ayadingeka.I-laser medium inikwa amandla ngaphandle (ijabulile) ukuze i-athomu ishintshe isuka endaweni engenamandla aphansi iye esimweni esinamandla amakhulu.
Isimo esijabulile yisimo lapho ama-electron angaphakathi kwe-athomu esuka ngaphakathi aye egobolondweni elingaphandle.
Ngemva kokuba i-athomu iguqukela esimweni sokujabula, ibuyela esimweni esiphansi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile (isikhathi esisithathayo ukubuya esimweni esijabulile siye esimweni esiphansi sibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokuphila se-fluorescence).Ngalesi sikhathi amandla atholiwe akhishwa ngendlela yokukhanya ukuze abuyele esimweni esiphansi (imisebe ezenzakalelayo).
Lokhu kukhanya okukhazimulayo kunobude obuthile begagasi.Ama-Lasers akhiqizwa ngokuguqula ama-athomu abe yisimo senjabulo bese ekhipha ukukhanya okuwumphumela ukuze akusebenzise.
2. Isimiso se-Amplified Laser
Ama-athomu aguqulelwe esimweni sokujabula isikhathi esithile azokhipha ukukhanya ngenxa yemisebe ezenzakalelayo futhi abuyele esimweni esiphansi.
Nokho, lapho ukukhanya okuvusa amadlingozi kunamandla, inani lama-athomu esimeni esijabulile liyokhula, futhi imisebe yokukhanya ezenzakalelayo nayo izokwanda, okuholela esenzweni semisebe ejabulisayo.
Imisebe evuselelwe isenzakalo lapho, ngemva kwesigameko ukukhanya kwemisebe ezenzakalelayo noma evuselelwe ukuya ku-athomu ejabulile, lokho kukhanya kunikeza i-athomu ejabulile ngamandla okwenza ukukhanya kube namandla ahambisanayo.Ngemva kwemisebe ejabulile, i-athomu ejabulile ibuyela esimweni sayo esiphansi.Yile misebe evuselelwe esetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ama-lasers, futhi lapho inani elikhulu lama-athomu esimweni esijabulile, imisebe evuselelwe kakhudlwana iqhubeka kukhiqizwa, evumela ukukhanya ukuthi kukhuliswe ngokushesha futhi kukhishwe njengokukhanya kwe-laser.
✷ Ukwakhiwa kweLaser
Ama-laser wezimboni ahlukaniswe kabanzi ngezinhlobo ezi-4.
1. I-Laser Semiconductor: Ilaser esebenzisa isemiconductor enesendlalelo esisebenzayo (isendlalelo esikhipha ukukhanya) njengesakhiwo sayo.
2. Ama-laser egesi: Amalaser e-CO2 asebenzisa igesi ye-CO2 njengoba asetshenziswa kakhulu.
3. Amalaser esimo esiqinile: Ngokuvamile amalaser e-YAG namalaser e-YVO4, anemidiya ye-laser ye-YAG ne-YVO4 crystalline.
4. I-fiber laser: usebenzisa i-fiber optical njengendlela ephakathi.
✷ Mayelana Nezici Ze-Pulse kanye Nemiphumela Kuzingcezu Zokusebenza
1. Umehluko phakathi kwe-YVO4 ne-fiber laser
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-lasers e-YVO4 nama-laser we-fiber amandla aphezulu kanye nobubanzi be-pulse.Amandla aphezulu amelela amandla okukhanya, futhi ububanzi be-pulse bumele ubude besikhathi sokukhanya.I-yVO4 inesici sokukhiqiza kalula iziqongo eziphakeme kanye nama-pulses amafushane okukhanya, futhi i-fiber inesici sokukhiqiza kalula iziqongo eziphakeme kanye nama-pulses amade okukhanya.Lapho i-laser icwebezela okokusebenza, umphumela wokucubungula ungahluka kakhulu kuye ngomehluko wamapulse.
2. Umthelela ezintweni
Ama-pulses we-laser ye-YVO4 akhanyisa izinto ngokukhanya okukhulu kakhulu isikhathi esifushane, ukuze izindawo ezilula zongqimba olungaphezulu zishise ngokushesha bese ziphole ngokushesha.Ingxenye efakwe imisebe ipholiswa ibe yigwebu esimweni esibilayo futhi iyahwamuka ukuze yenze ukuphrinta okungajulile.I-irradiation iphela ngaphambi kokuba ukushisa kudluliselwe, ngakho-ke kunomthelela omncane wokushisa endaweni ezungezile.
I-pulses ye-fiber laser, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhanyisa ukukhanya okuphansi isikhathi eside.Izinga lokushisa lempahla likhuphuka kancane futhi lihlala liwuketshezi noma lihwamuke isikhathi eside.Ngakho-ke, i-fiber laser ifanele ukuqoshwa okumnyama lapho inani lokuqoshwa liba likhulu, noma lapho insimbi ingaphansi kwenani elikhulu lokushisa kanye ne-oxidize futhi idinga ukwenziwa mnyama.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-26-2023